When Confidence Liesan approachable neural-network lab
CALCULUS FOUNDATIONS ↗ EDUCATIONAL SIMULATION v1.0

THE OOD PROBLEM

Confident answers.
Uncertain foundations.

Draw something the model knows—or something it has never seen. Watch the same softmax machinery turn both into a neat answer.

INFERENCE 02

Inside the approximation

READY
INPUT
35 features
HIDDEN LAYERS
relu · relu
OUTPUT
10 classes
01

Draw inside the distribution.

Clean templates produce sharp activations because their geometry resembles the examples the model was designed around.

02

Step outside it.

Make a shape that is not a digit. The classifier still has to choose one of ten labels.

03

Read confidence critically.

A high softmax score is a preference among known labels—not proof that the input belongs to the world those labels describe.